Larval Development of Rusty Cichlid Fish (<em>Iodotropheus sprengerae</em> Oliver & Loiselle, 1972): Morphological Observations

Ihsan Çelik, Pınar Çelik & Bahadır Rıfat Yalçın

doi:https://doi.org/10.29329/actanatsci.2022.352.11

Original article | Acta Natura et Scientia 2022, Vol. 3(2) 203-213

Larval Development of Rusty Cichlid Fish (Iodotropheus sprengerae Oliver & Loiselle, 1972): Morphological Observations

Ihsan Çelik, Pınar Çelik & Bahadır Rıfat Yalçın

pp. 203 - 213 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.29329/actanatsci.2022.352.11 | Manu. Number: MANU-2209-09-0007.R1

Published online: December 14, 2022 | Number of Views: 128 | Number of Download: 573

Save PDF

Abstract

This study aimed to describe the larval development stage of rusty cichlid, Iodotropheus sprengerae morphologically. The rusty cichlid is a mouth-brooding haplochromine cichlid from Lake Malawi. It is one of the most popular cichlids in the ornamental fish industry. We investigated its morphological development of I. sprengerae from hatching until the juvenile stage in the present study. The eggs were incubated at a water temperature of 29±0.5°C. Embryonic development was completed at 4 days post fertilization (=dpf). The eggs hatched at 5 dpf. In newly hatched larvae, most organs and body parts were not yet differentiated and continued to develop. The mouth and anus were closed at 1 days after hatching (=DAH). The mouth and anus were opened at 3 DAH. The yolk sac was fully absorbed at 10-11 DAH. The larvae begin to swim freely at 10-12 DAH. According to morphological findings, the larval metamorphosis of rusty cichlid I. sprengerae was completed, and the larvae transformed into juveniles at 13-15 DAH. These results indicate how early morphological development of larvae of mouth-brooding cichlids.

Keywords: Cichlidae, Malawi Gölü, Iodotropheus sprengerae, Paslı ciklit, Larval gelişim

How to Cite this Article?

APA 6th edition
Celik, I., Celik, P. & Yalcin, B.R. (2022). Larval Development of Rusty Cichlid Fish (Iodotropheus sprengerae Oliver & Loiselle, 1972): Morphological Observations . Acta Natura et Scientia, 3(2), 203-213. doi: 10.29329/actanatsci.2022.352.11

Harvard
Celik, I., Celik, P. and Yalcin, B. (2022). Larval Development of Rusty Cichlid Fish (Iodotropheus sprengerae Oliver & Loiselle, 1972): Morphological Observations . Acta Natura et Scientia, 3(2), pp. 203-213.

Chicago 16th edition
Celik, Ihsan, Pinar Celik and Bahadir Rifat Yalcin (2022). "Larval Development of Rusty Cichlid Fish (Iodotropheus sprengerae Oliver & Loiselle, 1972): Morphological Observations ". Acta Natura et Scientia 3 (2):203-213. doi:10.29329/actanatsci.2022.352.11.

References

Ballard, W. W. (1973). Normal embryonic stages for salmonid fishes, based on Salmo gairdneri Richardson and Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill). Journal of Experimental Zoology, 184(1), 7–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1401840103 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Britz, R. (1997). Egg surface structure and larval cement glands in nandid and badid fishes with remarks on phylogeny and biogeography. American Museum Novitates, 3195, 1–7. [Google Scholar]
Çelik, İ. (2010). Diskus balıklarında (Symphysodon spp.) larval ve prejüvenil gelişimin mikrofotografi metoduyla tanımlanması. Journal of FisheriesSciences.com, 4(1), 99-111. [Google Scholar]
Çelik, I., Çelik, P., Cirik, Ş., Gürkan, M., & Hayretdağ, S. (2012). Embryonic and larval development of black skirt tetra (Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, Boulenger, 1895) under laboratory conditions. Aquaculture Research, 43, 1260–1275. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2011.02930.x [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Çelik, İ., Çelik, P., Gürkan, M., & Şahin, T. (2014). Larval development of the freshwater angelfish Pterophyllum scalare (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 14(4), 863-874. [Google Scholar]
Dey, V. K. (2016). The global trade in ornamental fish. Infofish International, 4, 52–55. [Google Scholar]
Farias, I. P., Meyer, A. & Ortí, G. (2000). Total evidence: molecules, morphology and the phylogenetics of cichlids fishes. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 288, 76–92. [Google Scholar]
Ferreira Marinho, M. M. (2017). Desenvolvimento comparativo em Moenkhausia pittieri e Paracheirodon innesi (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) com comentários sobre heterocronia e miniaturização em Characidae. Journal of Fish Biology, 91(3), 851–865. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13384 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Froese, R., & Pauly, D. (Eds.) (2013). Iodotropheus sprengerae. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. Retrieved on November 11, 2022, from http://www.fishbase.org [Google Scholar]
Fujimura, K., & Okada, N. (2007). Development of the embryo, larva and early juvenile of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Pisces: Cichlidae). Developmental staging system. Development, Growth and Differentiation, 49, 301-324. [Google Scholar]
Godinho, H. P.; Santos, J. E. & Sato, Y. (2003). Ontogênese larval de cinco espécies de peixes do São Francisco. In: Godinho, H. P. & Godinho, A. L. orgs. Águas, peixes e pescadores do São Francisco das Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, PUC Minas. pp. 133-148. [Google Scholar]
Henning, F. & Meyer, A. (2014). The evolutionary genomics of cichlid fishes: explosive speciation and adaptation in the postgenomic era. Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics, 15, 1–516. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genom-090413-025412 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Iwamatsu, T. (2004). Stages of normal development in the medaka Oryzias latipes. Mechanisms of Development, 121(7-8), 605–618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2004.03.012 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Jones, A. J. (1972). The early development of substrate brooding cichlids with a discussion of a new system of staging. Journal of Morphology, 136, 255-272. [Google Scholar]
Kimmel, C. B., Ballard, W. W., Kimmel, S. R., Ullmann, B., & Schilling, T. F. (1995). Stages of embryonic development of the zebrafish. Developmental Dynamics, 203(3), 253–310. https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1002030302 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Konings, A. (1990). Ad Konings’s book of cichlids and all the other fishes of Lake Malawi. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. 495 p. [Google Scholar]
Kornfield, I., & Smith, P. F. (2000). African cichlid fishes: model systems for evolutionary biology. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 31, 163–196. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.163 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Koumoundouros, G., Divanach, P., & Kentouri, M. (1999). Ontogeny and allometric plasticity of Dentex dentex (Osteichthyes: Sparidae) in rearing conditions. Marine Biology, 135, 561–572. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002270050657 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Kratochwil, C. F., & Meyer, A. (2015). Closing the genotype – phenotype gap: emerging Technologies for evolutionary genetics in ecological model vertebrate systems. Bioessays, 37, 213–226. https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.201400142 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Kratochwil, C. F., Sefton, M. M., & Meyer, A. (2015). Embryonic and larval development in the Midas cichlid fish species flock (Amphilophus spp.): A new evo-devo model for the investigation of adaptive novelties and species differences. BMC Developmental Biology, 15, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12861-015-0061-1 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Lopes, T. M., Oliveira, F. G., Bialetzki, A. A., & Agostinho, A. (2015). Early development in the mouth-brooding cichlid fish Satanoperca pappaterra (Perciformes: Cichlidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical, 63(1), 139–153. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v63i1.14121 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Martínez, S. G. A., & Murillo, S. R. E. (1987). Desarrollo larval de Cichlasoma nogrofasciatum (Günther), 1868 (Pisces: Cichlidae) em cultivos em laboratório. Revista de Biología Tropical, 35(1), 113-119. [Google Scholar]
Meijide, F. J., & Guerrero, G. A. (2000). Embryonic and larval development of a substrate-brooding cichlid Cichlasoma dimerus Heckel, 1940 under laboratory conditions. Journal of Zoology, 252, 481-493. [Google Scholar]
Meyer, A. (1993). Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary processes in east-African cichlid fishes. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 8, 279–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(93)90255-N [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Molina, A. (2011). Larval development of Hypsophrys nicaraguensis (Pisces: Cichlidae) under laboratory conditions. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 59(4), 1679-1684. [Google Scholar]
Nakatani, K., Agostinho, A. A., Baumgartner, G., Bialetzki, A., Sanches, P. V., Makrakis, M. C. & Pavanelli, C. S. (2001). Ovos e larvas de peixes de água doce: Desenvolvimento e manual de identificação. Maringá, EDUEM. 378p. [Google Scholar]
Nascimento, F. L., & Araújo-Lima, C. (1993). Descrição de larvas de Psectrogaster amazonica e Potamorhina altamazonica (Curimatidae, Pisces) da Amazonia Central [Larval description of Psectrogaster amazonica and Potamorhina altamazonica (Curimatidae, Pisces) of central Amazon]. Acta Amazonica, 23(4), 457-472. [Google Scholar]
Noakes, D. L. G. (1991). Ontogeny of behaviour in cichlids. In M. H. A. Keenleyside (Ed.), Cichlid Fishes: Behavior, Ecology and Evolution (pp. 209–224). Chapman & Hall. [Google Scholar]
Oliveira, F. G. D., Bialetzki, A., Gomes, L. C., Santin, M., & Taguti, T. L. (2012). Desenvolvimento larval de Brycon hilarii (Characiformes, Characidae). Iheringia. Série Zoologia, 102, 62-70. [Google Scholar]
Paes, M. C. F., Makino, L. C., Vasquez, L. A., Fernandes, J. B., & Nakaghi, L. S. O. (2011). Early development of Astronotus ocellatus under stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Zygote, 20, 269-276. [Google Scholar]
Park, J. M., Kim, N. R., Han, K. H., Han, J. H., Son, M. H., & Cho, J. K. (2014). Spawning behavior, egg development, larvae and juvenile morphology of Hyphessobrycon eques (Pisces: Characidae) Characidae fishes. Developer Report, 18, 241–249. https://doi.org/10.12717 /DR.2014.18.4.241 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Saemi‐Komsari, M., Mousavi‐Sabet, H., Kratochwil, C. F., Sattari, M., Eagderi, S., & Meyer, A. (2018). Early developmental and allometric patterns in the electric yellow cichlid Labidochromis caeruleus. Journal of Fish Biology, 92(6), 1888-1901. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13627 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Salzburger, W., & Meyer, A. (2004). The species flocks of East African cichlid fishes: recent advances in molecular phylogenetics and population genetics. Naturwissenschaften 91, 277–290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-004-0528-6 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Santos, J. A., Iquematsu, M. S., Soares, C. M., Galdioli, E. M., Silva, K. F., Teixeira, V. A., & Bialetzki, C. M. (2017). Temporal distribution and early development of Moenkausia cf. gracilima (Lucena & Soares, 2016) (Osteichthyes, Characidae) in the upper Paraná River, Brazil. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 29, e109. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X10116 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Scharpf, C., & Lazara, K. J. (2013). Order CICHLIFORMES: Family CICHLIDAE: Subfamily PSEUDOCRENILABRINAE (h-k). The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. The ETYFish Project. [Google Scholar]
Snoeks, J. (2000). How well known is the ichthyodiversity of the large East African lakes? Advances in Ecological Research, 31, 17–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2504(00)31005-4 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Stiassny, M. L. J., & Meyer, A. (1999). Cichlids of the rift lakes. Scientific American, 280, 64–69. [Google Scholar]
Sturmbauer, C., & Meyer, A. (1992). Genetic divergence, speciation and morphological stasis in a lineage of African cichlid fishes. Nature, 359, 578–581. [Google Scholar]
Swarup, H. (1958). Stages in the development of the stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus (L.). Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology, 6(3), 373–383. [Google Scholar]
Turner, G. F., Seehausen, O., Knight, M. E., Allender, C. J., & Robinson, R. L. (2001). How many cichlid fishes are there in African Lakes? Molecular Ecology, 10, 793–806. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01200.x [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
van Maaren, C. C., & Daniels, H. V. (2000). A practical guide to the morphological development of southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, from hatch through metamorphosis. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 10(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1300/J028v10n02_01 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Vlahos, N., Vasilopoulos, M., Mente, E., Hotos, G., Katselis, G., & Vidalis, K. (2015). Yolk‐sac larval development of the substrate‐brooding cichlid Archocentrus nigrofasciatus in relation to temperature. Integrative Zoology, 10(5), 497-504. https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12152 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Walter, B. E. (2012). Early ontogeny of aquarium-raised Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (Characiformes: Characidae). Ichthyological Research, 59(2), 95–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-011-0257-8 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

Volume 3 Issue 2

December 2022

All Articles