Determination of Stubble Yields and Quality in Wheat and Barley Growing Areas in Çanakkale

Hatice Simay Sarı & Fırat Alatürk

doi:https://doi.org/10.29329/actanatsci.2023.354.4

Original article | Acta Natura et Scientia 2023, Vol. 4(2) 144-157

Determination of Stubble Yields and Quality in Wheat and Barley Growing Areas in Çanakkale

Hatice Simay Sarı & Fırat Alatürk

pp. 144 - 157 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.29329/actanatsci.2023.354.4 | Manu. Number: MANU-2307-21-0004.R1

Published online: November 17, 2023 | Number of Views: 32 | Number of Download: 334

Save PDF

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the yield, composition and forage quality of wheat and barley stubbles collected from the harvested fields of the said crops. The experiment was conducted in Çanakkale during the crop growing seasons of 2021 and 2022. In this study, the yields, compositions (ratios of stalk, leaf, weed and spike), along with the quality of forage (crude protein, crude ash, NDF, ADF, ADL, TSBM, ME, SE and the energy values of NE) of fresh and dry stubbles, taken from wheat and barley fields, were investigated. An average of 297.5 kg/da stubble yields were obtained as the result of this study. Consequently, it has been revealed that the average dry stubble yields of barley fields were 5.7% higher than that of the wheat stubbles. Hence, the average stubble dry matter ratio was recorded as 86.8%. It is concluded that the 44.7%, 44.2%, 5.8% and 5.3% of the stubbles of both plant species formed the stalk, leaf, spike and weed, respectively. The average crude protein, crude ash, NDF, ADF and ADL ratios of the stubbles were noted as 9.9%, 10.9%, 65.5%, 45.7% and 7.7%, respectively. The energy values of barley stubble were found to be higher, while the total digestible nutrient matters were recorded as an average of 55.6%. The overall results of this study showed that the nutrient content of stubble obtained from barley fields has better properties in terms of animal nutrition as compared to the stubbles of wheat.

Keywords: Wheat stubble, Barley stubble, Stubble yield, Stubble composition, Crude protein, Metabolic energy

How to Cite this Article?

APA 6th edition
Sari, H.S. & Alaturk, F. (2023). Determination of Stubble Yields and Quality in Wheat and Barley Growing Areas in Çanakkale . Acta Natura et Scientia, 4(2), 144-157. doi: 10.29329/actanatsci.2023.354.4

Harvard
Sari, H. and Alaturk, F. (2023). Determination of Stubble Yields and Quality in Wheat and Barley Growing Areas in Çanakkale . Acta Natura et Scientia, 4(2), pp. 144-157.

Chicago 16th edition
Sari, Hatice Simay and Firat Alaturk (2023). "Determination of Stubble Yields and Quality in Wheat and Barley Growing Areas in Çanakkale ". Acta Natura et Scientia 4 (2):144-157. doi:10.29329/actanatsci.2023.354.4.

References

Alçiçek, A., Kılıç, A., Ayhan, V., & Özdoğan, M. (2010). Türkiye’de kaba yem üretimi ve sorunları. Türkiye Ziraat Mühendisliği VII. Teknik Kongresi, Türkiye, ss. 1-10. [Google Scholar]
Altın, M., & Gökkuş, A. (1988). Erzurum sulu koşullarında bazı yem bitkileri ile bunların karışımlarının değişik ekim şekillerindeki kuru ot verimleri üzerinde bir araştırma. Doğa Türk Tarım ve Ormancılık Dergisi, 12(1), 24-36. [Google Scholar]
Anonim. (2023). Ruminant yemlerinde enerji değerlerinin ham besin maddelerinden hesaplanması. Erişim tarihi: 15.07.2023, https://www.ruminantbesleme.com/2018/08/15/ruminant-yemlerinde-enerji-degerlerinin-ham-besin-maddelerinden-hesaplanmasi/ [Google Scholar]
AOAC. (1990). Official method of analysis (15th Edition). Association of Official Analytical 12 Chemists, Washington, DC., USA, pp. 66–88. [Google Scholar]
Bakoğlu, A., Gökkuş, A., & Koç, A. (1999). Dominant mera bitkilerinin biomas ve kimyasal kompozisyonlarının büyüme dönemlerindeki değişimi. II. Kimyasal kompozisyondaki değişimler. Türk Tarım ve Ormancılık Dergisi, 23(2), 495-508. [Google Scholar]
Ball, D. M., Collins, M., Lacefield, G. D., Martin, N. P., Mertens, D. A., Olson, K. E., Putnam, D. H., Undersander, D. J., & Wolf, M. W. (2001). Understanding forage quality. American Farm Bureau Federation Publication. [Google Scholar]
Bancal, P. (2009). Decorrelating source and sink determinism of nitrogen remobilization during grain filling in wheat. Annals of Botany, 103(8), 1315-1324. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcp077 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Bıçakçı, E., & Açıkbaş, S. (2018). Bitlis ilindeki kaba yem üretim potansiyelinin hayvan varlığına göre yeterliliğinin belirlenmesi. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 180-185. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.364336 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Bremner, J. M. (1960). Determination of nitrogen in soil by the Kjeldahl method. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 55(1), 11–33. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600021572 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Canbolat, Ö. (2012). Potential nutritive value of field binweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) hay harvested at three different maturity stages. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(2), 331-335. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2011.5533 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Chacon, E. A., & Stobbs, T. H. (1976). Influence of progressive defoliation of a grass sward in the eating behaviour of cattle. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 27(5), 709-727. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR9760709 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Chacon, E. A., Stobbs, T. H. & Dale, M. B. (1978). Influence of sward characteristics on grazing behaviour and growth of Hereford steers grazing tropical grass pastures. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 29(1), 89-102. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR9780089 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Cherney, J. H. (1990). Normal and brown-midrib mutations in relation to improved lignocellulose utilization. In D. E. Akin, L. G. Ljungdahl, J. R. Wilson, & P. J. Harris (Eds.), Microbial and plant opportunities to improve lignocellulose utilization by ruminants: Proceedings of the Tri-National Workshop Microbial and Plant Opportunities to Improve Lignocellulose Utilization by Ruminants Held in Athens, Georgia, April 30 - May 4, 1990 (pp. 205-214). Elsevier. [Google Scholar]
Collins, M., & Moore, J. K. (1995). Postharvest processing of forages. In R. F. Barnes, D. A. Miller, & C. J. Nelson (Eds.), Forages Vol 2 – The Science of Grassland Agriculture (pp. 147-161). Iowa State University Press. [Google Scholar]
Dalling, M., Boland, G., & Wilson, J. (1976). Relation between acid proteinase activity and redistribution of nitrogen during grain development in wheat. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 3(6), 721-730. https://doi.org/10.1071/PP9760721 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Forbes, T. D. A., & Coleman, S. W. (1993). Forage intake and ingestive behavior of cattle grazing old world bluestems. Agronomy Journal, 85(4), 808-816. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500040006x [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Gökkuş, A., Birer, S., & Alatürk, F. (2017a). Farklı anız yükseklikleri kalacak şekilde yapılan biçimlerin arpanın ot verimi ve kalitesine etkileri [Effects of harvesting on yield and quality of barley hay leaving different formations of stalk heights]. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(Özel Sayı), 121-125. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksudobil.349008 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Gökkuş, A., Baytekin, H., Özaslan Parlak, A., Tölü, C., & Hanoğlu, H. (2017b). Koyun otlatılan meralarda yıllık yem üretiminin planlanması ve bunun hayvansal üretime etkileri. TÜBİTAK Proje Sonuç Raporu, Proje No: 214-O-233. [Google Scholar]
Gökkuş, A., Koç, A., & Bakoğlu, A. (1997). Otlak ayrığı (Agropyron cristatum Gaertn.)'nın bazı morfolojik agronomik ve kimyasal özelliklerinin zamana, bitki boyuna ve toprak üstü biomasına bağlı olarak değişimi [Changes in morphological, agronomical, and chemical properties of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum Gaertn.) in relation to time, plant height, and above-ground biomass]. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(2), 49-61. [Google Scholar]
Griffin, J. L., & Jung, G. A. (1983). Leaf and stem forage quality of big bluestem and switchgrass. Agronomy Journal, 75(5), 723-726. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1983.00021962007500050002x [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Harmanşah, F. (2018). Türkiye’de kaliteli kaba yem üretimi, sorunlar ve öneriler. TÜRKTOB Dergisi, 25, 9-13. [Google Scholar]
Hörtensteiner, S., & Feller, U. (2002). Nitrogen metabolism and remobilization during senescence. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53(370), 927-937. https://doi.org/10.1093/jexbot/53.370.927 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Kering, M. K., Guretzky, J., Funderburg, E., & Mosali, J. (2011). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer rate and harvest season on forage yield, quality, and macronutrient concentrations in midland Bermuda grass. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 42(16), 1958-1971. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2011.591470 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Khan, Z. I., Hussain, A., Ashraf, M., & McDowell, L. R. (2006). Mineral status of soils and forages in Southwestern Punjab-Pakistan: Micro-minerals. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 19(8), 1139-1147. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2006.1139 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Koç, A. (1991). Güzelyurt (Erzurum) meralarında otlatmaya başlama ve son verme zamanlarının belirlenmesi ile toprak üstü bioması ve otun kimyasal kompozisyonunun yıl içerisindeki değişimi üzerine bir araştırma [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi]. [Google Scholar]
Kuşvuran, A., Nazlı, İ. R., & Tansı, V. (2011). Türkiye’de ve Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde çayır-mera alanları, hayvan varlığı ve yem bitkileri tarımının bugünkü durumu. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(2), 21-32. [Google Scholar]
Linn, J. G., & Martin, N. P. (1999). Forage quality tests and interpretations. Minnesota Extension Service, University of Minnesota. Retrieved on May 15, 2023 from https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/207442/MN2500_AGFO_2637_revised1989.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y [Google Scholar]
Manga, İ., & Acar, Z. (1988). Yem Kültürünün Genel İlkeleri. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Yayınları No: 37. [Google Scholar]
Morrison, J. A. (2003). Hay and pasture management. Chapter 8. Extension Educator, Crop Systems Rockford Extension Center. [Google Scholar]
National Research Council (NRC). (2001). Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle (7th Rev. ed.). National Academic Sci. [Google Scholar]
Nelson, D. J., & Moser, L. E. (1994). Plant factors affecting forage quality. In G. C. Fahey, Jr., M. Collins, D. R. Mertens, & L. E. Moser (Eds.), Forage quality, evaluation, and utilization (pp. 115-154). American Society of Agronomy. https://doi.org/10.2134/1994.foragequality [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Özyazıcı, M. A., & Açıkbaş, S. (2019). Kaba yem amacıyla yetiştirilen sorgum (Sorghum sp.) ve mısır (Zea mays L.) çeşitlerinin mineral içeriklerinin değişimi [Determination of mineral contents of sorghum (Sorghum sp.) and corn (Zea mays L.) varieties grown for roughage]. International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research, 5(12), 227-237. https://doi.org/10.7176/JSTR/5-12-24 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Romero, A., Siebert, D. B., & Murray, R. M. (1976). A study on the effect of frequency of urea ingestion on the utilization of low quality roughage by steers. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, 16(80), 308-314. https://doi.org/10.1071/EA9760308 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
SAS. (1999). SAS V8 Online Manual. Cary. [Google Scholar]
Simpson, R. J., Lambers, H., & Dalling, M. J. (1983). Nitrogen redistribution during grain growth in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): IV. Development of a quantitative model of the translocation of nitrogen to the grain. Plant Physiology, 71(1), 7-14. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.71.1.7 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Stone, J. B., Trimberger, G. W., Henderson, C. R., Reid, J. T., Turk, K. L., & Loosli, J. K. (1960). Forage intake and efficiency of feed utilization in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 43(9), 1275-1281. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(60)90314-3 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Turan, N., Özyazıcı, M. A., & Tantekin, G. Y. (2015). Siirt ilinde çayır mera alanlarından ve yem bitkilerinden elde edilen kaba yem üretim potansiyeli [Production potential of fodder obtained from the meadow-rangelands and forage crops fields in Siirt province]. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(1), 69-75. [Google Scholar]
TÜİK. (2022). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Erişim tarihi: 15.07.2023, https://www.tuik.gov.tr/ [Google Scholar]
Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. D., & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10), 3583-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

Volume 4 Issue 2

December 2023

All Articles